Did Hitler Snub Jesse Owens at the Berlin Olympics

When he was competing, Ohio State track star  James  (â€Å"J.C.†Ã‚  Jesse)  Cleveland Owens  (1913-1980) was as famous and admired as Carl Lewis, Tiger Woods, or Michael Jordan are today. (1996 Olympic champ Carl Lewis has been called the â€Å"second Jesse Owens.†) Despite Jesse Owens athletic prowess, he faced racial discrimination when he returned to the US. But did this discrimination in his native land extend to his experience in Germany? The US and the 1936 Berlin Olympics Jesse Owens triumphed in Berlin, winning gold medals in the 100-meter, 200-meter, and  400-meter relays, as well as in the long jump. The  fact that American athletes competed in the 1936 Olympics at all is still considered by many to be a blotch on the history of the U.S. Olympic Committee. Germanys open discrimination against Jews and other â€Å"non-Aryans† was already public knowledge when many Americans opposed U.S. participation in the â€Å"Nazi Olympics.† Opponents to U.S. participation included the American ambassadors to Germany and Austria. But those who warned that Hitler and the Nazis would use the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin for propaganda purposes lost the battle to have the U.S. boycott the Berlin  Olympiade. Myths and Truth: Jesse Owens in German Hitler did shun a black American athlete at the 1936 Games. On the first day of the Olympics, just before Cornelius Johnson, an  African-American  athlete  who won the first gold medal for the U.S. that day, was to receive his award, Hitler left the stadium early. (The Nazis later claimed it was a previously scheduled departure.) Prior to his departure, Hitler had received a number of winners, but Olympic officials informed the German leader that in the future he must receive all of the winners or none at all. After the first day, he opted to acknowledge none. Jesse Owens had his victories on the second day, when Hitler was no longer in attendance. Would Hitler have snubbed Owens had he been in the stadium on day two? Perhaps. But since he wasnt there, we can only surmise. Which brings us to another Olympic myth. It is often stated that Jesse Owens four gold medals humiliated Hitler by proving to the world that Nazi claims of Aryan superiority were a lie. But Hitler and the Nazis were far from unhappy with the Olympic results. Not only did Germany win far more medals than any other country at the 1936 Olympics, but the Nazis had pulled off the huge public relations coup that Olympic opponents had predicted, casting Germany and the Nazis in a positive light. In the long run, Owens victories turned out to be only a minor embarrassment for Nazi Germany. In fact, Jesse Owens reception by the German public and the spectators in the Olympic stadium was warm. There were German cheers of â€Å"Yesseh Oh-vens† or just â€Å"Oh-vens† from the crowd. Owens was a true celebrity in Berlin, mobbed by autograph seekers to the point that he complained about all the attention. He later claimed that his reception in Berlin was greater than any other he had ever experienced, and he was quite popular even before the Olympics. â€Å"Hitler didnt snub me—it was [FDR] who snubbed me. The president didnt even send me a telegram.† ~Jesse Owens, quoted in  Triumph, a book about the 1936 Olympics by Jeremy Schaap. After the Olympics: Owens and Franklin D. Roosevelt Ironically, the real snubs of Owens came from his own president and his own country. Even after ticker-tape parades for Owens in New York City and Cleveland, President Franklin D. Roosevelt never publicly acknowledged Owens achievements. Owens was never invited to the White House and never even received a letter of congratulations from the president. Almost two decades passed before another American president, Dwight D. Eisenhower, honored Owens by naming him â€Å"Ambassador of Sports† — in 1955. Racial discrimination prevented Jesse Owens from enjoying anything close to the huge financial benefits that athletes can expect today. When Owens came home from his success in Nazi Germany, he received no Hollywood offers, no endorsement contracts, and no ad deals. His face didnt appear on cereal boxes. Three years after his victories in Berlin, a failed business deal forced Owens to declare bankruptcy. He made a modest living from his own sports promotions, including racing against a thoroughbred horse. After moving to Chicago in 1949, he started a successful public relations firm. Owens was also a popular jazz disc jockey for many years in Chicago. Some True Jesse Owens Stories In Berlin, Owens competed wearing track shoes made by the  Gebrà ¼der Dassler Schuhfabrik, a German company. The Dassler brothers later split into two firms, known as  Adidas  and Puma.In 1984, the Berlin street known as  Stadionallee  (Stadium boulevard), south of the Olympic stadium in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, was renamed  Jesse-Owens-Allee. Owens widow Ruth and his three daughters attended the dedication ceremonies on March 10 as guests of the German government. A memorial plaque for Owens is also located at the  Olympiastadion.The Jesse-Owens-Realschule/Oberschule (secondary school) is in Berlin-Lichtenberg.Despite his stardom, Owens received no scholarship money from Ohio State University. He had to work as an elevator operator, waiter, and gas station attendant to support himself and his wife.Two U.S.  postage stamps  have been issued to honor Owens, one in 1990 and another in 1998.Jesse Owens was born in Danville, Alabama on Sept. 12, 1913. His family mov ed to Cleveland when he was nine. In 1949 the Owens settled in Chicago. His grave is in Chicagos Oak Woods Cemetery.Owens became a heavy smoker following his athletic days. He died of lung cancer in Phoenix, Arizona on March 31, 1980.

Women s Reproductive Rights Essay - 1199 Words

Corah Hauser Miss Windish English II 3 October 2017 Women’s Reproductive Rights What if a sixteen year old decided to apply to adopt a child? She’d be denied that from the get-go, right? Of course, she’s way too young, not nearly mature enough, can’t support herself on her own, etc. If all of this is true, then why should a sixteen year old rape victim have to raise a child she didn’t plan for? Even women who aren’t ready to start a family or any other reason, shouldn’t have to. All women deserve true information and the access to safe and legal abortions. The case of Roe v. Wade is basically what started the political side of things. In 1969 a divorced Norma McCorvey was seeking abortion for an unwanted pregnancy. At this time, it†¦show more content†¦This benefitted the US in that it was more available to women in need. The downfall was that it brought about a division in the public. Many states are still restricting the availability of abortion even after this ruling because of how hard the pro-life group is working to overturn it (Bailey 5). Pro-life groups can view abortion as murder. Since the cells of the fetus in the very beginning of the pregnancy are technically living things, they can be considered â€Å"alive.† (Should Abortion be Legal?) While these cells are technically alive, they are still completely dependent on the mother for absolutely everything. The cells couldn’t develop at all if it weren’t in the uterus. â€Å"Human life in its fullest sense includes the ability to exist as a separate being and to be conscious - aware of one’s surroundings and to be able to think, feel, and respond to them.† (Bailey 6) The decision to terminate the pregnancy should be decided well before the point where the fetus could survive outside of the uterus besides in the extreme cases. It’s also argued that everyone can prevent pregnancy. Sure, the only way to really do this is to practice abstinence, but not everyone chooses to do this. Some who are otherwise abstinent can’t control rape. The victim isn’t at fault and should have every right to terminate that unwanted pregnancy. Some who don’t practice abstinence could still be at a disadvantage. With Planned Parenthood centers being shut down and poor sexual educationShow MoreRelatedPro Choice Vs. Abortion1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe women’s movements started in the early 1970’s, a question sometimes asked is that, if part of the population are so pro-life and worry about protecting a fetus, how come when the child is conceived they suddenly bash at you for having that unwanted child anyways, and that is hypocritical. 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Lead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting Free Essays

The features of effective team performance are set out in Brian Tuckman’s phases of team development theory, ‘Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing. ’ This outlines the phases that a team will go through in order to become effective and reach maturity. At the ‘Forming’ stage of team development individual roles and responsibilities are unclear and each member of the team is concerned to avoid conflict with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Lead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now From this point the team will go through the ‘Storming’ phase which is when they start to conflict as individuals put forward ideas which will be challenged by others in a bid to gain power and position over others. After this the ‘Norming’ phase follows and it is at this point that individual roles are defined and accepted and ground rules and conduct are agreed. After each of these stages the team then reaches the ‘Performing’ stage which is where they are all working towards the same shared goal. This theory shows that for all teams to be effective each individual needs to be clear on their role, responsibilities and shared end goal. This is achieved through positive leadership, utilising the skills of the team and addressing weaknesses to make the team more effective. The challenges experienced by developing teams are often due to organisational change. Staff may be resistant to change such as moving to join a new team or working with people they do not know. A health and social care organisation needs to identify the skills and knowledge that are required for the service plan and recruit staff according to this to ensure that the diversity and skill mix needed is met to fulfil the service outcome. Newly appointed staff should complete an induction that ensures they understand and comply with the organisations values and objectives and their role and support systems should be clarified as quickly as possible to ensure they can contribute as quickly and effectively as possible to the team. An established team experiences different challenges to a developing team. They may have more difficulty maintaining staff enthusiasm and momentum. To overcome these challenges the organisation needs to be aware of changes to workload and conflict between individuals to resolve issues quickly before they impact on other staff and then service users. Also feedback should be given to staff in order for them to maintain or improve performance levels and recognition should be expressed for good work to maintain a high level of staff morale. Once momentum is built then it is easier to maintain and helps staff to remain enthusiastic and continue o communicate and trust their colleagues and manage their time efficiently and keeps them orientated to the important work tasks. Challenges to effective team performance can be overcome by the organisation being clear about the values and objectives in relation to staff and service users and communicating these and the time frame in which these are expected to be achieved. Support should be given to those who are capable of sharing the organisations objectives so they can become committed to ensuring that the service outcomes are met. If this is not done then it can be difficult to maintain effective team working. Dawes and Handscomb performed a review on team leadership in 2005 and suggested that these difficulties stemmed from competing professional interests. In different settings they reviewed the relationship between team working and care outcomes and it was found that within a long term care setting the care outcomes required effective team working to be met. It is considered that management styles can be divided into three categories. * Autocratic- characterised by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Paternalistic- a type of fatherly managerial style typically employed by dominant males where their organizational power is used to control and protect subordinate staff that are expected to be loyal and obedient. * Democratic- a style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision making process. A leader can be anyone who has the ability to influence other members of a team. It is considered that a manager and a leader are different but they are complementary to tasks being carried out. Management styles will change to reflect the stage of development the workforce’s stage of development. When starting a new team a manager will have to be clear about setting goals, establishing rules and assigning responsibility and then taking on the more troublesome tasks of organising resources, motivating and creating a cooperative team. As the team develops then roles can be delegated and appropriate support provided. Doing this enables the team to become more confident and the style of management and leadership changes so team members begin to take on more leadership functions. The primary focus of a leader is to develop and maintain trust between the service user and the staff. The service user will look at the staff to establish with them character and competence. If these two characteristics are met then this develops trust with the service user. Character relates to motive and intent, whether the staff are working towards the same objectives. Competence relates to skills and results, whether the staff are able to care for the service user and meet the objective set by the organisation. Staff that are registered with professional bodies have accountability and are answerable for their actions. They are accountable by law for meeting the standards and objectives that are set out for them. Even when staff are working towards a common goal, conflict can still arise. This can be due to different personalities, communication styles, sense of priorities and changes to workload. Trying to prevent conflict is best practice so a manager should try to build an environment that is supportive, positive and stable to try and reduce the likelihood of conflict developing. If conflict does develop then a manager should try to: * Address it at the earliest opportunity. * Keep the discussions positive. Look at what can be done to resolve the conflict. * Encourage the team to focus on the problem, not the person. Encourage honest dialogue between the team, welcoming different points of view that do not create blame. Each individual should be allowed to voice their point of view and also listen to and respect each other’s views. * Ask each individual to accept ownership of their part of the problem. * Discuss a variety of options before settling on an agreement that is based on o bjective criteria that will resolve the conflict. Conflict does not always necessarily have to be a bad thing, as if it is dealt with constructively, can lead to increased productivity, development of new ideas and personal development of team members. How to cite Lead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting, Papers